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0. 背景
2023 年 10 月 3 日,汽车行业行动小组 (AIAG) 宣布他们即将发布第三版先期产品质量策划 (APQP) 手册和新的独立的控制计划。该公告是在 2023 年 AIAG 质量峰会开幕前一天发布的,该峰会有望进一步阐明这些即将发布的出版物。鉴于 APQP 和控制计划在质量管理中的重要性,这对于汽车行业利益相关者来说是一个值得注意的消息。本文旨在深入探讨这些即将推出的版本的细微差别、它们的重要性以及对汽车行业的更广泛影响。以下的英文摘自AIAG官网,我们提供了中文转化和翻译。
1. What is APQP? 什么是APQP
APQP stands for Advanced Product Quality Planning. It is a methodology that originated in the automotive industry to ensure the development and production of high-quality products that meet customer requirements and expectations.
APQP代表先期产品质量策划。它是一种起源于汽车工业的方法论,旨在确保开发和生产满足客户要求和期望的高质量产品。
APQP includes a series of steps and tools, such as risk assessment, design and process FMEAs (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis), control plans, and production trials, to ensure that all necessary planning and preparations are made before mass production. The goal of APQP is to prevent quality problems, improve overall customer satisfaction, and drive continuous improvement. Continuous Improvement applies not just to the product just launched (culminating with PPAP (Production Part Approval Process)), but for the NEXT products produced, incorporating lessons learned from prior programs.
APQP包括一系列步骤和工具,如风险评估、设计和过程FMEAs(失效模式和影响分析)、控制计划和试生产,以确保在批量生产之前进行所有必要的策划和准备。APQP的目标是预防质量问题、提高整体客户满意度并推动持续改进。持续改进不仅适用于刚刚发布的产品(以PPAP(生产零件批准程序)为结束),还适用于下一批生产的产品,吸取了先前项目的教训。
APQP is a "core tool" developed by AIAG to attain and maintain product quality. The automotive quality core tools are standardized methodologies assisting companies in many industries to improve their processes and generate high-quality products. The other core tools include:
APQP是AIAG开发的“核心工具”,用于达到并维持产品质量。汽车质量核心工具是帮助多个行业的公司改进其流程并生成高质量产品的标准化方法。其他核心工具包括:
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FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis) – an analytical methodology used to ensure that potential problems have been considered and addressed throughout the product and process development process.
FMEA(失效模式和影响分析)- 用于确保在整个产品和流程开发过程中已经考虑并解决潜在问题的分析方法论。
PPAP (Production Part Approval Process) – the industry standard that defines the production part approval process and demonstrates engineering design records and specification requirements are achieved by the supplier's manufacturing process.
PPAP(生产零件批准程序)- 是定义生产零件批准过程的行业标准,证明供应商的制造过程已实现工程设计记录和规范的要求。
MSA (Measurement Systems Analysis) – a methodology to assess the quality of measurement systems, providing a basis for recognizing where improvements can be made, resulting in knowledge that can be used to improve your measurement process and repeatable product quality.
MSA(测量系统分析)- 评估测量系统质量的方法论,为识别到可以进行改进的地方提供依据,从而产生可以用于改进您的测量过程和可重复的产品质量的知识。
SPC (Statistical Process Control) – the use of statistical techniques such as control charts to analyze a process or its output so as to take appropriate actions to achieve and maintain a state of statistical control and to improve the process capability.
SPC(统计过程控制)- 使用统计技术(如控制图)分析过程或其输出,以采取适当的措施达到并维持统计控制状态,并提高过程能力。
APQP is the overarching framework that brings together all these tools and methodologies to create a comprehensive quality planning and control system.
APQP是将所有这些工具和方法论结合起来,创建一个综合的质量计划和控制系统的总体框架。
2. Where else is APQP applicable?
APQP 的应用范围有哪些 ?
APQP’s ideas, methodologies, and processes aren’t limited to one single industry, despite initially being developed for the automotive industry. There are now many outside industries using APQP to improve their product processes, like:
尽管APQP最初是为汽车工业开发的,但其思想、方法论和流程并不限于单一的行业。现在有很多外部行业使用APQP来改进他们的产品流程,例如:
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Aerospace and Defense 航空和国防
Medical Devices 医疗设备
Electronics 电子产品
Consumer Products 消费品
APQP is a flexible methodology that can be adapted to the specific needs and requirements of any product.
APQP是一种灵活的方法论,可以根据任何产品特定需求和要求进行调整。
3.What are the benefits of APQP?
APQP 的好处是什么?
APQP has a host of benefits for both manufacturers/suppliers as well as the customers they serve. These benefits include:
对于制造商/供应商以及他们服务的客户,APQP都有一系列的好处。这些好处包括:
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Improved product quality – APQP’s rigorous risk assessments, design and process FMEAs, control plans, and production trials prevent a host of quality problems before parts are mass produced.
改进的产品质量 – 通过APQP严格的风险评估、设计和过程FMEAs、控制计划和试生产,可以在零件批量产之前预防许多质量问题。
Enhanced customer satisfaction – To put it simply, higher quality products result in greater customer satisfaction and happiness. When customers are satisfied, their relationships with manufacturers and suppliers improve.
增强的客户满意度 – 简单来说,高质量的产品导致更高的客户满意度和幸福感。当客户满意时,他们与制造商和供应商的关系会得到改善。
Increased efficiency – Quality problems in the development and manufacturing process hinder efficiency and time-to-market. APQP provides a reliable framework to catch and address these problems early to reduce the need for reworks.
提高的效率 – 开发和制造过程中的质量问题会妨碍效率和上市时间。APQP提供了一个可靠的框架,早早捕捉并解决这些问题,减少重新工作的需要。
Reduced costs – Quality problems, hangups in the development and manufacturing process, reworks, product returns, warranty claims, and more all result in greater costs to the manufacturer. APQP drastically reduces these issues to save significant costs.
降低的成本 – 质量问题、开发和制造过程中的障碍、重新工作、产品退货、保修索赔等都会增加制造商的成本。APQP大大减少了这些问题,节省了大量成本。
Improved supplier relations – By factoring in a detailed understanding of customer requirements and expectations, APQP allows suppliers to better understand their customers which leads to improved customer supplier relationships and a more collaborative working relationship.
改进的供应商关系 – 通过详细了解客户的需求和期望,APQP允许供应商更好地了解他们的客户,从而改善客户与供应商之间的关系,建立更加协作的工作关系。
Better risk management – APQP’s risk assessment processes allow suppliers and manufacturers to identify, address, and develop measures to mitigate potential quality issues early.
更好的风险管理 – APQP的风险评估过程允许供应商和制造商早早地识别、解决并制定措施来减轻潜在的质量问题。
Improved process control – the combined methodologies outlined above in combination with APQP’s statistical process control (SPC) processes allow suppliers and manufacturers to monitor/control the production process in even greater detail.
改进的流程控制 – 上述组合方法论与APQP的统计过程控制(SPC)流程相结合,允许供应商和制造商更详细地监控/控制生产过程。
总的来说,APQP为企业提供了一个全面的框架,帮助他们在产品的整个生命周期中确保质量、效率和满意度。
4. 新APQP有何不同?
APQP 手册第三版旨在包含反映敏捷产品管理的更新,并高度重视改进新产品的成功发布。它渴望更深入地了解传统 APQP 流程背后的“原因”、“内容”和“时间”。这些更新表明了将敏捷等现代项目管理方法与传统质量规划相结合的趋势,这一发展可以带来更灵敏、更灵活的质量管理流程。
独立的控制计划:新的独立的产品控制计划提供了有关控制计划制定的深入信息,以及稳健执行的示例和指南。包括
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安全启动计划:成功启动新产品或流程的指南。
自动化制造应用:特别关注高度自动化的制造设置。
软件实用程序:有关软件如何帮助控制计划的开发和管理的信息。
5. 对行业的影响
随着电气化和数字化转型的推动,理解和实施更新的 APQP 方法变得至关重要。2023 年 AIAG 质量峰会旨在讨论这些变化及更多内容,为质量管理专业人士提供一个了解和适应不断变化的环境的平台。
6. 结论
第三版APQP手册和独立控制计划的发布是汽车质量管理的一个重要里程碑。随着电气化等技术成为主流,迫切需要能够将传统和现代方法整合到产品质量规划中的更新方法。这些新版本有望提供宝贵的见解和工具,以应对日益复杂的汽车质量管理领域。
合规试制
在谈及APQP的应用和优化时,选择合适的工具是关键。例如,“合规试制”是为满足当前和未来汽车行业需求而设计的一款综合应用。它不仅专为APQP、试制研发和实验室管理而设计,还集成了高度的柔性定制功能和强大的AI能力。这意味着,不论您的项目或团队的规模如何,“合规试制”都能提供完美的解决方案,助您轻松应对行业的各种挑战。
具体相关介绍可以查看我们之前的文章:
合规试制“精准狙击”秘籍——趣味浅析16949五大质量管理工具
深度探讨APQP 第三篇:深入解析APQP第一阶段-计划与定义项目
/ 未完待续 /
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